Passive Voice

Menurut yang dilakukan subyeknya, kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris memiliki dua bentuk, yaitu kalimat aktif (active voice) dan kalimat pasif (passive voice).

A. ACTIVE VOICE DAN PASSIVE VOICE

1. Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif)

    Yaitu kalimat dimana subjek kalimat melakukan pekerjaan

    Contoh :

Aktif	Subject	Verb	Object
	Barli	buys	a magazine.
	Barli	membeli	sebuah majalah.

2. Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

    Yaitu kalimat dimana subjeknya dikenai suatu pekerjaan.

    Contoh :

Pasif	Subject	Verb	Object
	A magazine	is bought	by Barli.
	Sebuah majalah	dibeli	oleh Barli

Jika kita membandingkan susunan kedua kalimat di atas, objek yang ada dalam kalimat aktif diubah menjadi subjek dari kalimat pasif. Hal itu juga tampak dalam susunan kalimat di bawah ini :

	Subject	Verb	Object
Aktif	Everybody	drinks	Orange juice.
Pasif	Orange juice	is drunk	by everybody.

B. STRUKTUR PASSIVE VOICE

     Secara umum, susunan kalimat pasif adalah :

S + To Be + V3

    Namun, bentuk waktu "to be" tersebut harus disesuaikan dengan tensesnya, perhatikan tabel berikut :

TENSES				AKTIF	PASIF
Simple	Present			S + V1 He washes it.	S + to be 1 + V3 It is washed.
	Past			S + V2 He washed it.	S + to be 2 + V3 It was washed.
	Future			S + will + V1 He will wash it.	S + will be + V3 It will be washed.
	Past Future			S + would + V1 He would wash it.	S + would be + V3 It would be washed.
TENSES			AKTIF		PASIF
Contonuous		Present	S + to be 1 + V-ing He is washing it.		S + To Be 1 + being + V3 It is being washed.
		Past	S + had + V3 He had washed it.		S + had been + V3 It had been washed.
		Future	S + will have + V3 He will have washed it.		S + will + being + V3 It will be being washed.
		Past Future	S + would + be + V-ing He would be washing it.		S + would be being + V3 It would be being washed.

TENSES		AKTIF	PASIF
Perfect Simple	Present	S +has/have + V3 He has washed it.	S + has/have been + V3 It has been washed.
	Past	S + had + V3 He had washed it.	S + had been + V3 It had been washed.
	Future	S + will have + V3 He will have washed it.	S + will have been + V3 It will have been washed.
	Past Future	S + would + have + V3 He would have washed.	S + would have been + V3 It would have been washed.
TENSES		AKTIF	PASIF
Perfect Continuous	Present	S + has been + V-ing He has been washing it.	S + has been being + V3 It has been being washed.
	Past	S + had been + V-ing He had been washig it.	S + had been being + V3 It had been being washed.
	Future	S + will have been + V-ing He will have been washing it.	S + will have been being + V3 It will have been being washed.
	Past Future	S + would have been + V-ing He would have been washing it.	S + would have been being + V3 It would have been being washed.

C. MENGUBAH KALIMAT AKTIF MENJADI KALIMAT PASIF

     Jika kita ingin mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif, kita dapat melakukannya dengan mengubah objek kalimat aktifnya menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.

AKTIF = S + V + O

                            /

                          /

                        /

      PASIF =  S + To Be + V3

Ket : Objek pada kalimat aktif akan berubah menjadi subjek pada kalimat pasif.

Contoh 1 :

Aktif :

- Julie writes a letter to her friend.

  (Julie menulis sebuah surat untuk temannya.)

Pasif :

- A letter to her friend is written by Julie.

  (Sebuah surat untuk temannya ditulis oleh Julie.)

Contoh 2 :

Aktif :

- The postman will send the letters today.

  (Pak Pos akan mengirim surat-surat hari ini.)

Pasif :

- The letters will be sent by the postman today.

  (Surat-surat akan dikirim oleh Pak Pos hari ini.)